1. Pan from something to something, and don't pan unless you have a reason. For example, follow descending divers from the surface to a shallow bottom, or pan to show the expanse of a shipwreck or reef. 2. Avoid the indecisive pan. Once you start a pan, don't back up if you miss an important subject. Finish the pan and then go back to the subject. (Unless the new subject is a must have shot.)3. When panning with swimming subjects, follow the subject's general direction, not its every movement.4. If a close-up subject is moving within a small area, try not following its movements at all. Let the subject swim within the frame and around in the picture area.